Import tax basics in Canada – don’t pay more than you need

Importing goods into Canada can be a profitable endeavor, but you need to get your import taxes right to ensure compliance with Canadian laws and avoid unexpected costs.

Let's look at some of the basics of import taxes to help you understand what to expect and how to plan for your importing needs.

How do import taxes work for importers?

Import taxes are charges levied by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) on goods entering Canada. These taxes serve several purposes, such as protecting domestic industries, generating government revenue, and regulating trade. Understanding the types of import taxes is the first step in calculating and managing costs.

Duties

Duties are tariffs applied to specific goods based on their classification under the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff codes. Each type of product has its own duty rate, which can vary significantly depending on the country of origin. 

Goods and Services Tax (GST)

GST is a federal tax applied to most imported goods, usually at a rate of 5%. It's a crucial part of the overall import cost for many products.

Provincial Sales Tax (PST) or Harmonized Sales Tax (HST)

Depending on the province of destination, additional sales taxes may apply. For example, Ontario uses HST, while British Columbia applies PST.

Excise Taxes

These are levied on specific products, such as alcohol, tobacco, and fuel. Excise taxes are in addition to other duties and taxes.

How are import taxes calculated?

Import taxes are typically calculated based on the Value for Duty (VFD) of the goods. Understanding how the VFD is determined is essential to accurate cost estimation:

Purchase price

The price paid for the goods, excluding certain post-importation adjustments.

Transportation and handling costs

The price charged for moving the goods to the Canadian border.

Insurance costs

Any insurance paid to protect the shipment in transit.

Free trade agreements and reduced duties

Canada’s network of free trade agreements (FTAs) offers significant cost-saving opportunities for importers. Agreements such as the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) and the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) can reduce or eliminate duties on qualifying goods.

Some important steps to maximize FTA benefits include:

• Obtain and verify a valid Certificate of Origin from your supplier.
• Ensure the goods meet the rules of origin criteria outlined in the applicable FTA.
• Maintain accurate records to substantiate FTA claims in case of a CBSA audit.

Exemptions and special cases

Understanding exemptions can help you avoid paying unnecessary duties or taxes on some items and for certain import scenarios.

Personal travel exemptions

Travelers returning to Canada may bring back goods duty- and tax-free, depending on the duration of their trip. Currently, spending 24 hours abroad nets a $200 exemption, while 48 hours or more abroad gets an $800 exemption.

Low-value shipments

Goods valued under $20 are generally exempt from duties and taxes, though this limit may not apply to specific goods like alcohol and tobacco.

Steps to take to ensure compliance

A proactive approach to compliance can save time, money, and frustration. Follow these steps to simplify the process of staying compliant with regulations.

Classify your goods correctly

Use the CBSA’s Customs Tariff to determine the correct HS code for your products. Misclassification can result in penalties.

Determine the value for duty

Accurately include all relevant costs to avoid underreporting or disputes.

Check FTA eligibility

Assess whether your goods qualify for preferential duty rates under trade agreements.

Pay duties and taxes promptly

Use CBSA’s online payment tools to settle charges efficiently and avoid delays.

Avoid excess import taxes today

You may not have the option of completely avoiding import taxes, but you can work to prevent your business from paying more than required. Depending on your imports, you might be able to leverage free trade agreements or regulations designed to reduce what you pay at the border.

Experienced customs brokers stay ahead of your requirements and take proactive steps to ensure your compliance at the border and find available cost savings. Connect with Cole to find out more.

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